2026 SESSION

ENROLLED

VIRGINIA ACTS OF ASSEMBLY -- CHAPTER

An Act for the relief of Messiah Aladar Johnson, relating to claims; compensation for wrongful incarceration.

[H 1472]

Approved

Whereas, Messiah Aladar Johnson (Mr. Johnson) was convicted in Circuit Court of the City of Norfolk on October 29, 1998, of numerous felonies, including five counts of robbery, 12 counts of the use of a firearm in the commission of a felony, six counts of abduction, attempted robbery, and shooting into an occupied building, resulting in a sentence of an active period of incarceration of 132 years; and

Whereas, Mr. Johnson always maintained his innocence of the crimes; and

Whereas, Mr. Johnson served more than 20 years in the Virginia Department of Corrections system; and

Whereas, Mr. Johnson, through the Innocence Project at University of Virginia School of Law, submitted a pardon petition based on the circumstances surrounding his innocence; and

Whereas, Mr. Johnson's pardon petition was based in part on the credible confession of an incarcerated individual who committed a string of similar robberies around the same time and in the same area; and

Whereas, on July 11, 2017, after a careful review of all known facts and circumstances, the Virginia Parole Board recommended a conditional pardon for Mr. Johnson; and

Whereas, on January 12, 2018, Governor Terence McAuliffe granted Mr. Johnson a conditional pardon; and

Whereas, in the conditional pardon, Governor McAuliffe stated that "credible evidence exists that support[s] Mr. Johnson's claims of being innocent of the underlying offense[s] which resulted in his incarceration"; and

Whereas, in 2019, Mr. Johnson, still seeking an absolute pardon, supplemented his initial pardon request, through the Innocence Project at University of Virginia School of Law, with additional corroborating evidence relating to the incarcerated individual's confession and with information that Mr. Johnson's trial attorney had consented to the revocation of his license to practice law in 2019 for, amongst other reasons, failing to diligently pursue cases; and

Whereas, on April 26, 2021, Mr. Johnson successfully completed his post-release obligations under the conditional pardon and was released from supervision; and

Whereas, in December 2021, counsel to Mr. Johnson for the first time reviewed the Norfolk Commonwealth's Attorney's files, pursuant to amended Virginia Freedom of Information Act laws, and discovered that the lead officer on Mr. Johnson's case had concluded that an eyewitness's identification of Mr. Johnson was so suggestive as to be unusable in court; nevertheless, that eyewitness's identification was in fact used against Mr. Johnson at trial; and

Whereas, on May 24, 2024, Mr. Johnson filed a petition for a writ of actual innocence in the Court of Appeals of Virginia pursuant to § 19.2-327.11 of the Code of Virginia; and

Whereas, the petition for a writ of actual innocence included additional evidence of Mr. Johnson's innocence and an expert report attesting to the unreliability of the eyewitness identification of Mr. Johnson; and

Whereas, in response to Mr. Johnson's petition for a writ of actual innocence, the Commonwealth argued that his petition should be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction because his conditional pardon was converted to an absolute pardon by law upon completion of the terms of his conditional pardon; and

Whereas, on August 25, 2025, the Court of Appeals of Virginia held that Mr. Johnson had, upon the completion of the conditions of his conditional pardon, been absolutely pardoned of the offenses and, therefore, dismissed Mr. Johnson's petition for a writ of actual innocence for lack of subject matter jurisdiction; and

Whereas, the Court of Appeals of Virginia found in its dismissal opinion that "[h]aving satisfied all of his conditions, Johnson now stands absolutely pardoned of the offenses for which he seeks actual innocence relief. … [T]here are no longer any convictions for which Johnson can be found actually innocent of in this case"; and

Whereas, on April 22, 2025, Mr. Johnson filed petitions for expungement, and on December 23, 2025, after a hearing, Judge David W. Lannetti granted Mr. Johnson's petitions for expungement; and

Whereas, in granting the petitions for expungement, the Circuit Court of the City of Norfolk concluded that "[t]here is no doubt that Johnson's conditional pardon became an absolute pardon after he met the required conditions"; and

Whereas, Mr. Johnson missed two decades of his daughters' lives as a result of his wrongful incarceration; and

Whereas, Mr. Johnson, as a result of his wrongful incarceration, lost 20 years of his freedom and countless life experiences and opportunities, including family relations, the opportunity to further his education, and the opportunity to earn income from gainful employment during his years of incarceration; and

Whereas, Mr. Johnson has no other means to obtain adequate relief except by action of this body; now, therefore,

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia:

1. § 1. That there is hereby appropriated from the general fund of the state treasury the sum of an amount to be provided in the appropriation act for the relief of Messiah Aladar Johnson, to be paid by check issued by the State Treasurer on warrant of the Comptroller in accordance with the provisions of Article 18.2 (§ 8.01-195.10 et seq.) of Chapter 3 of Title 8.01 of the Code of Virginia.

2. That the provisions of § 8.01-195.12 of the Code of Virginia shall apply to any compensation awarded under this act.